Fully automated structured light scanning for high-fidelity 3D reconstruction via graph optimization.

Convenient and high-fidelity 3D model reconstruction is crucial for industries like manufacturing, medicine and archaeology. Current scanning approaches struggle with high manual costs and the accumulation of errors in large-scale modeling. This paper is dedicated to achieving industrial-grade seamless and high-fidelity 3D reconstruction with minimal manual intervention. The innovative method proposed transforms the multi-frame registration into a graph optimization problem, addressing the issue of error accumulation encountered in frame-by-frame registration. Initially, a global consistency cost is established based on point cloud cross-multipath registration, followed by using the geometric and color differences of corresponding points as dynamic nonlinear weights. Finally, the iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) method is adopted to perform the bundle adjustment (BA) optimization of all poses. Significantly enhances registration accuracy and robustness under the premise of maintaining near real-time efficiency. Additionally, for generating watertight, seamless surface models, a local-to-global transitioning strategy for multiframe fusion is introduced. This method facilitates efficient correction of normal vector consistency, addressing mesh discontinuities in surface reconstruction resulting from normal flips. To validate our algorithm, we designed a 3D reconstruction platform enabling spatial viewpoint transformations. We collected extensive real and simulated model data. These datasets were rigorously evaluated against advanced methods, roving the effectiveness of our approach. Our data and implementation is made available on GitHub for community development.

Nanoengineered Supramolecular Adhesive Sponge for Rapid Hemostasis and Abdominal Wall Wound Healing.

Multifunctional dressing biomaterials that can promote tissue adhesion, hemostasis, and soft-tissue wound healing are of great clinical significance. Here, we report a nanocomposite supramolecular sponge constructed by an air-in-water emulsion template composed of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), Laponite nanoclay, and branched supramolecular polymer (PAMU). The sponge has an interconnected macroporous structure and exhibits tunable mechanical properties with varying Laponite concentration. The nanoengineered sponge is endowed with tissue adhesion by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions contributed by the supramolecular polymer and the Laponite nanoclay. The biocompatible sponge facilitates cell proliferation and blood coagulation in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In addition, the results of the rat external abdominal wall defect model show that the sponge can promote angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and granulation tissue formation to accelerate wound repair. These findings suggest that the unique air-in-water templated sponge is a promising candidate for applications in hemostasis and wound healing.

Electrodeposition of Self-Supported High-Entropy Spinel Oxides for Stable Oxygen Evolution.

Spinel oxides have attracted increasing interest due to their excellent activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, despite the high intrinsic OER activity, their poor electrical conductivity and weak structural stability prevented their application for a long time. These shortcomings can be solved by effectively adjusting the electronic structures of spinel oxides through a high-entropy strategy. Herein, a rapid two-step method was developed to prepare self-supported high-entropy spinel-type oxides on a carbon cloth (CC) to yield (Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Mn0.2Cr0.2)3O4@CC (abbreviated as FeCoNiMnCr@CC). The unique electronic structure and stable crystal configuration of the resulting FeCoNiMnCr@CC materials required only an overpotential of 287 mV for the OER at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 coupled with excellent cyclic stability. In summary, the proposed high-entropy strategy looks promising for improving the catalytic performance of spinel oxides.

A "peptide-target-aptamer" electrochemical biosensor for norovirus detection using a black phosphorous nanosheet@Ti3C2-Mxene nanohybrid and magnetic covalent organic framework.

Norovirus (NoV) is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for acute gastroenteritis epidemics, and establishing a robust detection method for the timely identification and monitoring of NoV contamination is of great significance. In this study, a peptide-target-aptamer sandwich electrochemical biosensor for NoV was fabricated using Au@BP@Ti3C2-MXene and magnetic Au@ZnFe2O4@COF nanocomposites. The response currents of the electrochemical biosensor were proportional to the NoV concentrations ranging from 0.01-105 copies/mL with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.003 copies/mL (S/N = 3). To our best knowledge, this LOD was the lowest among published assays to date, due to the specific recognition of the affinity peptide and aptamer for NoV and the outstanding catalytic activity of nanomaterials. Furthermore, the biosensor showed excellent selectivity, anti-interference performance, and satisfactory stability. The NoV concentrations in simulative food matrixes were successfully detected using the constructed biosensor. Meanwhile, NoV in stool samples was also successfully quantified without complex pretreatment. The designed biosensor had the potential to detect NoV (even at a low level) in foods, clinical samples, and environmental samples, providing a new method for NoV detection in food safety and diagnosing foodborne pathogens.

Injectable Supramolecular Hybrid Hydrogel Delivers IL-1ß-Stimulated Exosomes to Target Neuroinflammation.

Long-term neuroinflammation is a major barrier to neurological recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Here, a thermosensitive injectable supramolecular hybrid hydrogel is developed to sustainably deliver exosomes derived from interleukin-1ß-stimulated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) (ßExos) with improved exosome production and anti-inflammatory capacity for neuroinflammation inhibition and neurological recovery. The supramolecular hydrogel displays self-healing and injectable features, along with high biocompatibility and tissue-like softness. The ßExos effectively reduce the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in the immortalized mouse microglia (BV2) cell line, and the in situ formed hydrogel improves the exosome retention in the ischemic core area. More remarkably, in the middle cerebral artery occlusion in vivo model, glial scar formation and neuronal loss are significantly reduced by regulating neuroinflammation using the released ßExos. Therefore, the combination of interleukin-1ß-stimulated exosomes with injectable supramolecular hydrogel provides an appealing strategy for treating central nervous system diseases.

Information Difference of Transfer Entropies between Head Motion and Eye Movement Indicates a Proxy of Driving.

Visual scanning is achieved via head motion and gaze movement for visual information acquisition and cognitive processing, which plays a critical role in undertaking common sensorimotor tasks such as driving. The coordination of the head and eyes is an important human behavior to make a key contribution to goal-directed visual scanning and sensorimotor driving. In this paper, we basically investigate the two most common patterns in eye-head coordination: "head motion earlier than eye movement" and "eye movement earlier than head motion". We utilize bidirectional transfer entropies between head motion and eye movements to determine the existence of these two eye-head coordination patterns. Furthermore, we propose a unidirectional information difference to assess which pattern predominates in head-eye coordination. Additionally, we have discovered a significant correlation between the normalized unidirectional information difference and driving performance. This result not only indicates the influence of eye-head coordination on driving behavior from a computational perspective but also validates the practical significance of our approach utilizing transfer entropy for quantifying eye-head coordination.

Electrochemical sensor for human norovirus based on covalent organic framework/pillararene heterosupramolecular nanocomposites.

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and food-borne diseases worldwide. Thus, a rapid, accurate, and easy-to-implement detection method for controlling infection and monitoring progression is urgently needed. In this study, we constructed a novel sandwich-type electrochemical biosensor integrated with two specific recognition elements (aptamer and peptide) for human norovirus (HuNoV). The electrochemical biosensor was fabricated using magnetic covalent organic framework/pillararene heterosupramolecular nanocomposites (MB@Apt@WP5A@Au@COF@Fe3O4) as the signal probes. The sensor showed high accuracy and selectivity. The detection method does not need the extraction and amplification of virus nucleic acid and has a short turn-around time. Intriguingly, the proposed biosensor had a limit of detection of 0.84 copy mL-1 for HuNoV, which was the highest sensitivity among published assays. The proposed biosensor showed higher sensitivity and accuracy compared with immunochromatographic assay in the detection of 98 clinical specimens. The biosensor was capable of determining the predominant infection strain of GII.4 and also GII.3 and achieved 74% selectivity for HuNoV GII group. This study provides a potential method for point-of-care testing and highlights the integrated utilization of Apt and peptide in sensor construction.

Injectable Supramolecular Hydrogel for Locoregional Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Enhanced Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic modalities of cancer treatment but is severely limited by a low objective response rate and the risk of immune-related side effects. Herein, an injectable supramolecular hydrogel is developed for local delivery of the DPPA-1 peptide (a d-peptide antagonist with a high binding affinity to programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)) and doxorubicin (DOX). On the one hand, DOX could kill tumor cells directly and also induce immunogenic cell death to provoke the antitumor immune response. On the other hand, the DPPA-1 peptide could locoregionally block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to potentiate T-cell-mediated immune responses and minimize side effects. Eventually, by local injection of this supramolecular hydrogel, the synergistic cancer therapeutic effect was evaluated, showing promise in improving the objective response rate of immunotherapy and minimizing its systemic side effects.

Dynamical heterogeneity in the gelation process of a polymer solution with a lower critical solution temperature.

The gelation of a hydrophobically modified hyaluronic acid aqueous solution which shows a lower critical solution temperature of about 25 °C was investigated by multi-particle tracking microrheology. The linear viscoelasticity of the gelling system is converted from the microrheological data. The critical gelling temperature Tgel = 36.3 °C was determined from the loss tangent by the Winter-Chambon criterion. The critical exponent n = 0.62 was determined from the shift factors of the time-cure superposition. The length scales of the dynamic heterogeneity of the gelling system were analyzed using a proposed framework where single-particle and multi-particle non-Gaussian parameters were compared. The length scale of the dynamic heterogeneous regions monotonically decreases during the gelation process, consistent with the nucleation-and-growth mechanism of phase separation. Distributions of local viscosity in the gelling system were extracted from the observed distributions of particle displacement as a time-dependent fingerprint of the dynamic heterogeneity of the gelling system. The results and analyzing methods proposed in the present work can be applied to other microrheological studies.

Facile synthesis of hierarchical and porous V2O5 microspheres as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.

Hierarchical and porous V2O5 microspheres have been fabricated by a refluxing approach followed by annealing in air. The resulting porous V2O5 microspheres typically have diameters of 3-6 µm and are constructed of intertwined laminar nanocrystals or crosslinked nanobricks. It is found that the vanadyl glycolates rinsed with water have pronounced pore structures than that rinsed with ethanol alone. In addition, the configuration of the vanadyl glycolates microspheres can be tuned during the refluxing along with stirring. The possible formation processes of the vanadyl glycolates and V2O5 products have been discussed based on the experimental data. Electrochemical tests indicate that the hierarchical and porous V2O5 microspheres exhibit relatively high and stable Li(+) storage properties. The porous V2O5 microspheres assembled by intertwined nanoparticles maintain reversible Li(+) storage capacities of 102 and 80 mAh g(-1), respectively; whilst the porous V2O5 microspheres assembled by crosslinked nanobricks maintain reversible Li(+) storage capacities of 100 and 85 mAh g(-1) over 100 cycles at current rates of 0.5 and 1 C, respectively. The superior Li(+) storage performance of the hierarchical and porous V2O5 microspheres could mainly be ascribed to the improved electrode/electrolyte interface, reduced Li(+) diffusion paths, and relieved volume variation during lithiation and delithiation processes.

Orthostatic effects of midodrine versus L-NAME on cerebral blood flow and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in tetraplegia.

OBJECTIVE: To compare responses to head-up tilt (HUT) in individuals with chronic tetraplegia after midodrine hydrochloride (10 mg) versus nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1 mg/kg) administration. DESIGN: Prospective comparative drug trial. SETTING: Veterans Affairs medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Participants (N=7) were studied during 3 laboratory visits: no drug, midodrine (administered orally 30 min before HUT), and L-NAME (infused over a 60-min period). INTERVENTIONS: Anti-hypotensive agents, midodrine, and L-NAME. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and markers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS, plasma renin and serum aldosterone) were measured in the supine position at baseline (BL) and during a 45° HUT maneuver. Data were compared between BL and the average of 3 assessments collected during HUT. RESULTS: Orthostatic MAP and CBF were increased with the midodrine and L-NAME groups compared with the no drug trial and the relationship between the change in MAP and CBF was significant (r=0.770; P<0.001). Both L-NAME and midodrine appeared to suppress the post-HUT RAAS response compared with no drug. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing orthostatic blood pressure with L-NAME or midodrine appears to increase CBF and suppress the RAAS during HUT in persons with tetraplegia, although more data are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

Acute suppression of bone turnover with calcium infusion in persons with spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Some people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) have low vitamin D levels and secondary hyperparathyroidism. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, and to what extent, an acute calcium infusion decreased levels of N-telopeptide (NTx), a marker of osteoclastic activity, in individuals with chronic SCI. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SUBJECTS: Eight men with chronic SCI. A relatively low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25[OH]D < or =20 ng/mL) and/or a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) (>55 pg/mL) was a prerequisite for study inclusion. METHODS: Calcium gluconate bolus 0.025 mmol elemental calcium/kg over 20 minutes followed by a constant infusion of 0.025 mmol/kg per hour for 6 hours was infused; blood samples were collected every 2 hours for measurement of serum total calcium, creatinine, NTx, and PTH. RESULTS: All results are expressed as means (+/- SDs). Baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 14.5 +/- 3.5 ng/mL (range: 10.2-19.6 ng/mL); PTH, 70 +/- 25 pg/mL (range: 37-100 pg/mL); and NTx, 21 +/- 7 nM bone collagen equivalents (BCE) (range: 14-34 nM). At 2, 4, and 6 hours after the calcium infusion, serum calcium rose from 9.3 +/- 0.2 to 10.8 +/- 0.9, 10.5 +/- 0.8, and 10.6 +/- 0.6 mg/d; PTH was suppressed from 70 +/- 25 pg/mL to 18 +/- 12, 16 +/- 9, and 15 +/- 9 pg/mL, respectively; NTx fell from 21 +/- 8 nM BCE to 17 +/- 5, 12 +/- 4, and 12 +/- 3 nM BCE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum NTx is a marker for bone collagen catabolism, and its reduction suggests that bone turnover was decreased. A relative deficiency of vitamin D associated with chronically elevated levels of PTH would be expected to increase bone turnover and to worsen the bone loss associated with immobilization.

Orthostatic responses to nitric oxide synthase inhibition in persons with tetraplegia.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of 1.0 mg/kg nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on orthostatic mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum aldosterone, and plasma renin concentrations in persons with chronic tetraplegia compared with nonspinal cord-injured controls. DESIGN: Prospective placebo-controlled intervention study. SETTING: James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n=5) with tetraplegia and controls (n=7) participated. The groups were matched for age, height, and weight; the average duration of injury in the tetraplegia group was 22+/-14 years. INTERVENTION: Subjects with tetraplegia visited the laboratory twice, receiving placebo on day 1 and L-NAME (1.0 mg/kg) on day 2. The agents were infused via an intravenous catheter over 60 minutes with the patient in the supine position. Data were collected during the infusion and then during head-up tilt to 45 degrees for 30 minutes. Control subjects visited the laboratory once for placebo infusion and the head-up tilt maneuver. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Orthostatic MAP. RESULTS: Orthostatic MAP was reduced after placebo infusion in subjects with tetraplegia compared with controls (69+/-11 vs 89+/-9 mmHg, respectively; P<.01) and compared with L-NAME infusion (90+/-16 mmHg; P<.01). Orthostatic MAP did not differ when comparing the tetraplegia group with controls after L-NAME infusion. Orthostatic aldosterone levels were increased after placebo compared with L-NAME infusion in persons with tetraplegia; plasma renin levels did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that nitric oxide synthase inhibition may have clinical potential for treatment of orthostatic hypotension in persons with chronic tetraplegia.

Effect of low-dose baclofen administration on plasma insulin-like growth factor-I in persons with spinal cord injury.

Patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition associated with reduced physical function, have been reported to have lower plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels than able-bodied persons. We evaluated the potential for daily low-dose baclofen administered over several weeks to increase plasma IGF-I levels. Ten healthy male outpatients with chronic SCI were studied prospectively. Patients received escalating doses of baclofen for 4 weeks at each dose level (5, 10, and 20 mg/d). At each dose of baclofen, an increase in the plasma IGF-I was noted; significant increases in plasma IGF-I occurred at 2 weeks after administration of drug at doses of 10 and 20 mg/d, with a subsequent rise to peak levels on baclofen 20 mg/d [baseline, 205+/-74; peak, 218+/-76 (not significant), 239+/-83 (P<.05), 263+/-87 microg/L (P<.05), at baclofen 5, 10, and 20 mg/d, respectively]. In conclusion, low-dose baclofen administration for 4 weeks stimulated the growth hormone-IGF-I axis in persons with SCI, with the potential for beneficial effects on body composition.

Effect of a vitamin D analog on leg bone mineral density in patients with chronic spinal cord injury.

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed to determine the effect of a vitamin D analog (1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(2) [1-alpha D(2)]) on the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Forty subjects with chronic complete motor SCI were enrolled. The mean plus or minus standard deviation age and duration of injury were 42 plus or minus 12 yr and 11 plus or minus 10 yr, respectively. Either 4 micrograms 1-alpha D(2) (n = 19) or placebo (n = 21) was administered daily for 24 mo. Metabolic markers of bone resorption and formation were obtained. Regional lower-limb dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo. Leg BMD and percent change from baseline significantly increased at 6 (percent change only), 12, 18, and 24 mo in the treatment group, but not in the placebo group. Urinary N-telopeptide, a marker of bone resorption, was significantly reduced during treatment with 1-alpha D(2), but markers of bone formation were not changed.